Web Governance
August 28, 2007 at 2:11 pm | Posted in Governance | Leave a commentI’ve put out a podcast on Web Governance that is openly accessible (no login required). It’s about 12 minutes long – just a quick set of thoughts really. If you’d like to hear more, just let me know. To get it, click here.
Here is the blurb on the pocast:
In this podcast, Collaboration and Content Strategies Service Director Craig Roth describes what web governance is, its drivers, and common governance models. Lack of effective governance is a common cause of failure for enterprise portals, intranets, and collaboration environments so it is important to get on the right path with web governance.
Second Life Community Convention: I’ll Bet It Was Great
August 27, 2007 at 10:01 am | Posted in Analyst biz, virtual worlds | Leave a commentI posted earlier about the different types of articles one sees in the media about Second Life.
Of the 4 types I mentioned, it seems the negative drift seems to be in vogue lately. The CNet article “‘Second Life’ after the backlash” and the Wired article “How Madison Avenue is Wasting Millions on a Deserted Second Life” follow the “negative” script I gave in my earlier posting pretty closely.
That could be why the Second Life community convention in Chicago last weekend said “We are not providing press passes free of charge. We will however be happy to help you be in contact with folks you may find of interest.”
Turning down press passes is not normal for a community that wants new members which exposure can bring. But given the negative press lately, it may be advisable to be safe and avoid a story that might pick a negative angle or interview the weirdest people the writer can find.
A Guide to Writing About Second Life
August 24, 2007 at 2:56 pm | Posted in Analyst biz, virtual worlds | 2 CommentsBeing a research analyst, I read a lot of news. And since I cover just a few small areas of the galaxy we call IT, I often read views on the same topic over and over and over … . So with that in mind (and tongue planted firmly in cheek) I have decided to offer my assistance to journalists writing about Second Life.
So, what’s an intrepid journalist to do? You’re hip and feel an obligation to cover Second Life. You already wrote the “Second Life 101″ article back in 2006 – the one that breathlessly described what Second Life is, how fast it’s growing, it’s not just for geeks (there are actually women there!), how some big name brands have a presence there, and a smattering of funny and intriguing parallels to the real world.
But now every news source has written the “101″ article, from the Economist (the “Living a Second Life” special report) to the Billings Gazette (serving the Montana and Wyoming region; “Virtual world attracts ‘residents’ who meet, spend real money”). And yet your readers are still hungry to hear more.
So, what do you write? Possible angles for your “Second Life 201″ article include:
The positive, glowing update
Lots of new stuff to say: the new population statistics are impressive, there are lots more consumer brand sites to talk about, the first virtual millionaire has been coined, and maybe some readers didn’t catch your first story. Pick and choose from the following positive points to make your case that Second Life is still a neat new thing:
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- The stats show it’s very popular and growing. 5.2 million unique users for June. A big analyst firm said that in four years 80% of heavy internet users will be engaged in virtual worlds
- Many of the largest, most respected companies have a major presence in Second Life
- People can make real money and provide real value and services
- It’s pioneering – we’re exploring a new world and, in turn, you can’t even say what the value will be down the line. But it’s exciting to be a part of its evolution
- At the beginning of the Internet people said it was {full of smut, overhyped, useless, etc.} and it evolved over time into something very useful. Same here.
- Like all media it just mirrors ourselves. Sure, there’s smut, rudeness, cliquishness but there are also communities for people with health problems and music and art. Just like real life.
- What do you do there? Well, what do you do in life!
- Just get involved. It’s so new that you can’t really grasp what it’s about until you’ve been a part of it
The negative, cynical slam
C’mon – you know you want to. If you can dish out the dirt on an overhyped technology maybe you can beat those other hacks to Second Life’s inevitable fall from the hype. And you’ll come out looking practical, skeptical, and immune to trends. Pick and choose from the following negative points to make your case that Second Life is not as great as it first seemed:
- It’s not catching on. Poke holes in the figures – it’s easy and fun! Resident figures include multiple avatars per person, many users are not relevant to American or European business needs, number of abandoned avatars (85% per Wired, 90% per InformationWeek) is very high, the numbers are not useful since the number of retired accounts is not given each month and they do not show active users which runs about 10% of the “total population” stat Linden Labs prominently publishes. [note: for a good summary of all the places to get Second Life user stats, see Social Signal]
- Tsk tsk about the financial stats. They show that sales are stagnant ($609,000 US in June down from >$700,000 in February, March, and April)
- Interview or quote Clay Shirky. He writes that “fewer than 200,000 people have given Second Life even a cumulative work week of their time, over the history of the platform.”
- Be practical – we’re talking real money to have a presence there and what kind of return do you expect to get? When asked, representatives from some large corporations that have Second Life presences admit they are there because of hype and don’t get much out of it
The unique angle
A case study of a virtual entrepreneur or company that just created a presence is always nice (a local angle is nice if you can get it). Or one specific cultural topic such as virtual sex or the virtual economy.
The deep thought piece
Start with a funny thing that’s just happened in Second Life and then get philosophical.
- Why do we laugh at spending money on virtual goods when we don’t laugh at spending money on non-functional luxury goods?
- How much of “you” is your virtual representation?
- Could you overcome handicaps or even death in virtual space?
- What is the role of government and law in virtual worlds?
- Should one build a society to be “fun”? Or profitable? Self-actualizing? How do you balance these?
- How do cultural institutions like marraige translate to virtual worlds?
In closing, my snarky tone is just for fun and is not trying to diminish the value or motives behind the stories I read on Second Life. The typical audience for these stories is not someone who has already read a dozen other stories just like it. And if everything could only be written once by one person, I wouldn’t have a lot to write about either! I’m simply noting how the stories have moved from “101″ to “201″ level and that the “201″ versions seem to be more negative even though either type of article can be written by just selecting which things to say. I do wish reporters would provide a more complete picture (most stories are heavily positive or negative instead of a more critical balancing of the two) or technical depth (impact of standards, possible alternatives).
E-Mail: How a Silent, On-demand, Invisible Inbox Can Interrupt You
August 23, 2007 at 1:18 pm | Posted in Attention Management, interruption science | Leave a commentAccording to Madbury (N.H.)-based NFI Research, two-thirds of 228 senior executives and managers who responded to a recent survey say e-mail is the most prominent workplace disruption, followed by crisis of the day (42%), personal interruptions (31%), and changing priorities (30%).
This survey, quoted in a BusinessWeek article on interruptions with the self-explanatory title “Why You Can’t Get Any Work Done“, states that a majority of the senior execs and managers they surveyed thought e-mail is disruptive. How odd that an asynchronous technology (one that is non-real-time and queues messages for delayed response) can be blamed for interrupting people! Phone calls, particularly with no caller ID or answering machine, can certainly interrupt you since telephony is synchronous. But can a technology like e-mail that stores messages until you decide to look at them really be a prominent workplace disruption?
Not literally – you can always turn off “toasts” or bells if they are bothering you. Rather, this is a clear indication that it is the expectations and behavior, not technology, that is the issue. While it’s cathartic to blame “e-mail” (with the unstated assumption it’s the technology), we really have to blame “e-mail volume and response expectations” or “e-mail addiction” or “e-mail etiquette”; all of which are distinctly human issues.
And before anyone draws an analogy to the “guns don’t kill people, people kill people” quip, we’re talking about a technology whose main purpose truly is social and benevolent. Therefore outlawing e-mail (or outlawing concealed e-mail – in the form of Blackberrys) wouldn’t solve the problem. After all, when e-mail is outlawed, only outlaws will have e-mail.
People feeling overwhelmed by email cannot solve the problem overnight, but there are avenues to explore to help with the problem:
- Use more appropriate communication vehicles when possible – RSS feeds and virtual workspaces such as discussion groups can get some recurring messages out of email
- Turn off interrupting features of email (toasts and bells on the e-mail system and other devices your forward your e-mail to)
- Set aside an hour one day to learn the attentional capabilities of your email system. There are probably more features than you realize to automatically sort through email, tag it for followup, and follow threads of conversations
- Where culturally appropriate, let senders of inappropriate emails gently know their emails about the fantasy football league that you’re not in or an argument with the whole department cc’d are not needed
- Determine an e-mail checking pattern that works for you. For some this is beginning of day, end of day, and before and after lunch. For others it is whenever they feel they need a break from their task. For still others, it’s catch-as-catch can between meetings and during brief stops in the office
I’d better stop this interruption (caused by reviewing my RSS feeds incidentally) and get back to work … but I have more tips in my posting on Personal Attention Management.
SaaS and Non-relational Data Models Take on ERP
August 22, 2007 at 10:22 am | Posted in Uncategorized | 1 CommentAs the founder and leader of PeopleSoft, Dave Duffield played a seminal role in establishing enterprise resource planning, or ERP, systems as the IT engines of big business. But then, in a hostile takeover, the enterprise software giant Oracle yanked PeopleSoft out of Duffield’s hands. Now, Duffield’s back in town, and he’s gunning for ERP.
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Today, Duffield’s new company, Workday, is announcing an expansion of its suite of software-as-a-service business applications to include not only human resource management – its original offering – but also a set of financial management services, including accounts payable and receivable, general ledger, and reporting and analysis.
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It’s an alternative to ERP, rather than a Web-delivered version of ERP, argues Nittler, because the system’s software guts are entirely different. Rather than being tightly tied to a complex relational database, with thousands of different data tables, running on a separate disk, the Workday system uses a much simpler in-memory database, running in RAM, and relies on metadata, or tags, to organize and integrate the data. Having an in-memory database means that the system can run much faster (crucial for Web-delivered software), and using metadata rather than static tables, says Nittler, gives users greater flexibility in tailoring the system to their particular needs. It solves ERP’s complexity problem – or at least it promises to. (For more on the nuts and bolts, see David Dobrin’s whitepaper and Dan Farber’s writeup.)
I’m interested to see how this works since it points to two trends that are somewhat experimental and show great promise: Software as a service (SaaS) and a movement away from relational databases. My colleague Peter O’Kelly has been working on a report on XQuery and following XML databases for sometime. What Workday is doing is not an XML database (it gets persisted to a relational database for contingency purposes), but it’s an example of an object-oriented data store. While the whitepaper mostly focuses on speed, I think advantages will emerge due to the capabilities of the new model. It is difficult for designers working with a RDBMS-enabled system to think of new ways to synthesize and connect data that are not supported in their RDBMS model. Sure, sometimes users know exactly what they want (no matter how difficult to do with JOIN statements in SQL) and force them to figure it out, but designers won’t get too creative coming up ideas on their own that don’t fit their model.
When I was a developer and doing data modeling, I often worked backwards from the data model to think of functionality the system might need (such as pieces of the CRUD matrix missing) or that could be useful to supplement what the users told us in requirements gathering. What would a developer/data modeler come up with now if working from an in-memory object model? I can’t wait to find out!
A Manifesto-free Definition of Attention Management
August 17, 2007 at 9:29 am | Posted in Attention Management, interruption science | 3 CommentsIn reading through blogs talking about attention management I have realized that there is still a lot of divisiveness on the drivers and meaning of the topic. For example, are we overloaded with messages or do some people just feel that way because they haven’t adjusted their work style to deal with the flow? Is continuous partial attention hamstringing our ability to process information or is it just an occasional defense mechanism that has always existed? Is the proper response to implications of information overload and info-stress “Woe is me” or “Quit your bellyaching and deal with it”?
In the paper I wrote on Enterprise Attention Management (here, but client access only) I wrote that “EAM is a method for improving the effectiveness of an enterprise’s information workers by providing culture, processes, and tools to gain control over the messages sent, received, and discovered by its information workers.”
The debate is over whether we are at a tipping point that necessitates a radical change in approach – an “information intervention” – or just seeing an incremental but manageable increase in information velocity. Those who argue it is an incremental increase often disregard the rest of attention management as the result of unwarranted alarmist thinking.
That’s unfortunate because this emerging field has a lot to offer regardless of whether one believes that we are at a hand-wringing crisis moment or not. Everyone manages what they attend to in some way whether they formally think of it as “attention management” or not. Just as every business has processes that relate to “customer relationship management” whether they know it or not. There is value in auditing attentional technologies and capabilities as a slice that cuts across many IT systems and in adding ratings for attentional capabilities to product evaluations and RFPs.
What is needed, then, is a manifesto-free definition of attention management. One that doesn’t require purchase of a belief system to understand. Here is a draft:
Enterprise Attention Management is the study of the processes and technologies used by information workers to determine which information and messages will be read, allocated time, and acted upon.
To me, this definition works whether you are on the “crisis” or “manageable, incremental increase” side of the fence. Without getting caught up in crisis talk, this definition just leads into my concept of pulling messages forward and pushing messages back, which I believe to be at the heart of the enterprise attention management conceptual architecture.
iWow! iPhone Kills Dozens of iTrees and Ships in its Own iBox
August 15, 2007 at 11:39 am | Posted in knowledge management, Mobile and pervasive computing, Web 2.0 | 2 CommentsIf you haven’t seen the video of a woman opening her 300 page iPhone bill, check out the article and link here. I’ll admit – I’m not currently a fancy phone kinda person, so you won’t see me commenting a lot on the mobile industry unless I get assigned that as a research topic. However, brand management and information management are passions of mine and in those terms I consider this a minor disaster.
From my view it’s a cautionary tale in 3 ways:
- The potential for collateral damage to brand image from partnerships. Manufacturers of products endorsed by athletes have often had to deal with this type of problem. In fact, it has become so prevalent that some companies and sponsors of events have decided the risk of collateral damage outweighs the benefit and now avoid such spokespeople. Now it’s Apple’s turn. Apple has earned a strong brand image that associates them with sleek, streamlined, innovative (not tied to legacy), understanding young people, and hip. But their relationship with AT&T has resulted in a brand management issue that is getting heavy exposure (including CNN Headline News) that will associate “Apple” and “iPhone” with something non-sleek, tied to an old way of doing things, unhip, and abhorrent to the values of many young people.
- The Web 2.0 generation has massively greater power to embarrass large organizations than previous generations. Accordingly, large organizations need to allocate budgets massively greater than those of a generation ago to mitigate this risk through continuous monitoring of legacy and Web 2.0 communication channels as well as a general PR contingency plan for unpredictable disasters.
- Old information dissemination practices must be reviewed in light of new information demands. When the only thing a cellphone did was make calls (and expensive ones at that), a paper itemized bill made sense. Text messages are far more numerous (an astounding 30,000 for Justine) so the same format will be practically useless. Even if one was interested in the information on those pages, they would have great difficulty finding and using it.
And to those people who say it’s her fault for not selecting e-bill, you should have to opt-in to a bill that may require being shipped in a box, not opt-out. And I don’t think one would reasonably expect that their paper billing would result in a few redwoods worth of itemization.
Dictating Standards
August 14, 2007 at 11:30 am | Posted in Economics, Legal | 2 CommentsMark Goldberg wrote a blog entry on Picking Winners that was replied to by Alec Saunders in an entry today called Driving on the right-hand side in a left-hand wireless world. The entry is about imposing standards by wresting control of the technology from a monopoly and handing it to aspiring entrants :
Consumers are best served when commodities are delivered in standard ways. And because monopolies tend to act in the best interests of shareholders rather than consumers I would argue, in disagreement with my friend Mark, that when the market reaches a point where competition is not being served, standards should be dictated.
I feel Alec’s reply raises more difficult questions than answers, however:
- Which markets does this apply to? There’s a big difference between applying this to wireless carriers, pharmaceutical research, and software. If it applies to only certain types of markets (e.g., huge entry barriers) it may be difficult to define which to apply it to.
- Who says when something is a “commodity”? The potential competitors? I don’t think anyone invests a lot of R&D into something and thinks they have invented a great new commodity.
- Why is it a given that defending the best interests of consumers automatically trumps the best interests of shareholders? I’m sure when Zimbabwe outlawed inflation and froze prices that must have seemed in the best interests of consumers – until all the shelves went bare and businesspeople left the market. This is an extreme example, but one that shows why automatic favoring of consumer over producer (or vice versa) causes problems – it’s a delicate balance.
- Who determines when competition is not being served? Again, it seems the competitors tend to happily take on this role.
- What does “dictated” mean? Do you get fined or arrested for selling something non-standard? I’m not against compliance tests and labels if they are voluntary.
- How does innovation occur once a standard has been dictated? There are ways to address this, but they are often slow and tedious.
- How do you avoid a free rider problem when market consensus on what a standard needs to contain is only obtained by expensive, iterative exploration by innovative companies? The market may reach a point where “competition is not being served”, but how does the government then compensate those that competed versus those that come along after the whistle has blown? I do not believe the lead garnered by brand reputation and awareness is enough on its own to compensate for the competitive costs.
- As a corollary of the free rider problem, for complex technical issues how does the government assure “survival of the fittest” over “survival of the first”? Standards often emerge only after an evolutionary process encourages variations that live to evolve or die based on their usefulness (although sometimes market realities like poor management or insufficient bootstrapping funds can distort the process).
- How could one be sure that a law meant to ensnare monopolies would not slowly expand to catch weaker and weaker monopolies until it’s simply being applied to any market? While framed as an attack on monopolies that have rendered competition impossible, many of the examples he gives (e.g., VHS vs Beta, camera lenses as a personal monopoly of his rather than an exit barrier) are not monopolies, which demonstrates the slippery slope that a regulation like this would face.
I must agree with Mark Goldberg (and all my Economics professors) that “markets are better at picking winners than governments.”
You Are Your Metadata
August 14, 2007 at 9:56 am | Posted in Blogs, Web 2.0 | Leave a commentAs information management increasingly imposes itself on everyday life, will our online lives be reduced to metadata? This thought occurred to me when I was pointed to a news story on a pseudo-celebrity that is now involved in a court case. But it’s not the article I found interesting – it was the metadata panel to the right of it.
The E! website (really, someone pointed me to it – I’ve never seen it before) has data sheets for celebrities it shows to the right of articles. The metadata consists of a photo, related stories, and metadata tags. In this particular case, the tags under her smiling visage are “Contraband, Rx, Rehab, Dawgs, Courthouse, Busted, Hookups”. That’s the complete list – don’t think there’s more depth to round the person out.
I looked around a bit more and found sometimes the metadata seems to be related to the story, such as in the case of a pair of married celebrities who earned themselves two simple metatags: “Courthouse, Weird”. While namecalling was considered rude when you were on the playground, it’s apparently de rigueur once the demands of information management, hyperlinking, and tag clouds come into play.
If you’ve led a public life to any degree, chances are there is currently a lot of metadata out there labeling you as one thing or another. And chances are it’s not a very nuanced picture. All the more reason to get your unfettered thoughts and feelings out into the blogosphere before your metadata defines you.
Is SecondLife the Next AOL?
August 9, 2007 at 8:34 am | Posted in Standards, virtual worlds | Leave a commentAOL flourished as an early provider of a proprietary network, viewer, and content at a time when equivalent open standards did not exist. Once HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, ECMAScript-based scripting, and standardized browsers became prevalent AOL was unceremoniously pushed down an icy slope.
There are many similarities with SecondLife’s lock on virtual worlds, but the differences should be laid out first. Linden Lab is not trying to create a proprietary lock on Second Life. Its only revenue source is real-estate. It is not trying to lock in the virtual browser and, in fact, has placed it in open source with a GPL license. The server will still be proprietary, although that may change over time too. Glyn Moody’s blog reports that Second Life embraces open source products itself, running on servers with GNU/Linux, Apache, Squid and MySQL. SecondLife also allows third party systems to access SecondLife (after a successful reverse-engineering of the system revealed the possibility).
Still, there is pressure for even more openness. The Economist wrote “Lots of companies are setting up shop in Second Life, but some might prefer to have their own worlds, not just islands in someone else’s world, just as they have their own websites.” They mention Multiverse, a competitor that aims to open source the entire experience, including the servers, for a 10% cut of revenue. And they are off to a decent start. The Wall St. Journal reports that Multiverse “raised $4.2 million in Series A backing in May [2007] from investment firm Sterling Stamos Capital Management and a group of 10 angel investors.”
I too believe there is room for a fully open source model. In addition to all the virtual world equivalents of browser standards (browser, web server, HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, scripting) there are many more standards to consider. To name just a few:
- People: Identity stores including appearance, names and psuedonames
- Objects and content: Virtual object definitions, inventories
- Security: Authentication and authorization mechanisms, virtual certificates
- Communication: IM, gestures (tokenized emoticons)
- Hyperlinking: Virtual URLs (SLURLS)
- Economics: Currency, transaction processing handshakes to enable two-phase commit
Perhaps the key will be to follow the internet model and standardize as little as possible to avoid stunting growth. But I believe the virtual world standards will have to go much deeper than the internet did to provide a useful platform given the richness of the interaction model it needs to offer.
All this doesn’t mean Second Life goes away. I believe its value proposition continues for quite a long time as it has a critical mass of virtual users, a mostly open model, and has shown willingness to adapt.
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